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Simultaneous multiple comparison procedures in psychiatric research.

W Hall, K D Bird

    The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry
    |March 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

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    The multiple comparison problem occurs when comparing more than two groups. Statistical methods like Scheffe procedure and Bonferroni-adjusted t tests help manage error rates when analyzing data and testing hypotheses.

    Area of Science:

    • Statistics
    • Biostatistics
    • Psychometrics

    Background:

    • Multiple comparisons arise when analyzing data with more than two groups.
    • Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) tests the null hypothesis of equal population means at an alpha error rate.
    • ANOVA alone is insufficient to pinpoint specific mean differences when the null hypothesis is rejected.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To address the multiple comparison problem in statistical analysis.
    • To present methods for identifying patterns of mean differences after ANOVA.
    • To ensure controlled error rates during hypothesis testing.

    Main Methods:

    • The Scheffe procedure is detailed for testing various contrasts suggested by data inspection.
    • Bonferroni-adjusted t tests are described for pre-specified contrasts, controlling the experimentwise error rate.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Linear contrasts are discussed for analyzing factorial ANOVA designs.

    • Main Results:

    • The Scheffe procedure controls the chance of incorrectly rejecting hypotheses to within the alpha rate.
    • Bonferroni-adjusted t tests maintain the experimentwise error rate for planned comparisons.
    • Post hoc procedures, modifying the Scheffe technique, are available for exploratory analyses.

    Conclusions:

    • Appropriate statistical methods are crucial for managing multiple comparisons in research.
    • Researchers can select methods based on whether hypotheses are planned or data-driven.
    • Accurate interpretation of mean differences requires careful application of post hoc tests or planned contrasts.