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The Formal Structure of Kind Representations.

Paul Haward1, Susan Carey1, Sandeep Prasada2

  • 1Department of Psychology, Harvard University.

Cognitive Science
|October 4, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals that the principled connection between a property and a kind is key to how we form new kind representations. This distinction structures how we understand novel concepts and their essential features.

Keywords:
ConceptsConceptual representationFormal structureGeneric knowledgeKind representationsModes of explanation

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Psychology
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Generic language relies on kind representations (e.g., dog, planet).
  • Individuals possess generic-supporting and accidental properties.
  • Some generic-supporting properties have a principled connection to the kind (e.g., a watch's ability to tell time).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if principled connections form the formal structure of kind representations.
  • To test if principled connections influence the structuring of newly learned kind representations.

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1: Participants learned a novel kind ('blick') with a property introduced via linguistic frames indicating principled connection versus generic support.
  • Experiment 2: Assessed if introduced properties were generic licensing, regardless of the frame.

Main Results:

  • Introducing a property with a principled connection frame led participants to infer consequences of principled connections without direct evidence.
  • Frames lacking principled connection evidence did not yield the same inferences.
  • All properties were found to be generic licensing, irrespective of the introduction frame.

Conclusions:

  • The distinction between principled and merely generic-supporting properties is part of the formal structure of kind representations.
  • This distinction actively structures novel kind representations, influencing conceptual inference and understanding.