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Water governance and institutional quality in the Middle East: a review of drivers of water outcomes under scarcity.

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Updated: Oct 18, 2025

Spatial Multiobjective Optimization of Agricultural Conservation Practices using a SWAT Model and an Evolutionary Algorithm
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Economic optimization to guide climate water stress adaptation.

Frank A Ward1, Saud A Amer2, Dina A Salman3

  • 1New Mexico State University, Department of Agricultural Economics and Agricultural Business, Las Cruces, NM, 88011, USA.

Journal of Environmental Management
|October 4, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Economic optimization analysis aids in discovering affordable climate adaptation measures for water resource planning. This review guides policy to enhance water system resilience against climate-induced water stress.

Keywords:
EconomicsMiddle eastOptimizationWater resources

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Water Resource Management
  • Climate Change Adaptation

Background:

  • Water allocation across quantity, quality, timing, location, price, and cost is a global challenge.
  • Climate change intensifies water supply stressors, impacting food, energy, and water systems.
  • Existing research has limited focus on economic optimization for climate adaptation in water planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review literature on basin-scale water resource optimization analysis.
  • To guide the discovery of affordable climate adaptation measures.
  • To identify principles, practices, and developments for improving water resource system adaptation to climate stress.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of economic optimization analysis in water resources planning.
  • Development of an economic conceptual framework for optimization exercises.
  • Identification of data requirements for economic optimization in river basin planning.

Main Results:

  • Past achievements in optimization analysis are described.
  • Improvements needed for optimization analysis to inform policy are identified.
  • An economic framework and data needs for river basin planning are presented, with a Middle East case study.

Conclusions:

  • Economic optimization exercises are highly valuable for guiding climate water stress adaptation.
  • The study informs policy debates for climate-resilient water management plans.
  • Further development of optimization analysis can enhance water resource system adaptability.