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Clinical strategies for reducing firearm suicide.
Rocco Pallin1,2, Amy Barnhorst3,4
1University of California Firearm Violence Research Center at UC Davis, 2315 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA, USA. rspallin@ucdavis.edu.
Injury Epidemiology
|October 5, 2021
Summary
Firearm access is a critical risk factor for suicide. Clinicians can mitigate suicide risk by discussing firearm safety and storage with at-risk patients.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Medicine
Background:
- Suicide is a complex issue with multifactorial causes, including mental illness, cultural, and socioeconomic factors.
- Firearm access is a significant and often overlooked risk factor, contributing to half of all suicides in the USA.
- Despite the prevalence of firearm ownership and the lethality of firearm suicide attempts, discussions about firearm risk are not universally practiced by clinicians.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the existing evidence on the burden of firearm suicide in the USA.
- To outline actionable interventions for clinicians to reduce firearm-related suicide risk among patients.
- To provide an overview of firearm ownership, injury epidemiology, and risk factors.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of existing evidence on firearm suicide.
- Epidemiological data analysis of firearm injury.
- Examination of risk factors and clinical interventions.
Main Results:
- Firearm access is a key determinant in suicide completion, especially in the USA.
- Clinicians have several intervention options, including counseling on safe storage and temporary firearm transfer.
- Evidence supports proactive clinical engagement to reduce firearm suicide risk.
Conclusions:
- Addressing firearm access is crucial for suicide prevention efforts.
- Clinicians play a vital role in mitigating suicide risk by discussing firearm safety.
- Further integration of firearm safety counseling into clinical practice is warranted.
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