Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diencephalon: Hypothalamus and Coordination01:23

Diencephalon: Hypothalamus and Coordination

2.5K
The hypothalamus is a small yet highly complex and essential brain region that plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions. Anatomically, it is located at the base of the brain, just above the brainstem and below the thalamus, forming part of the limbic system.
The hypothalamus interacts with other brain regions, including the pituitary gland, through a direct physical connection called the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. The hypothalamus receives somatic and visceral inputs and...
2.5K
Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis01:37

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis

62.8K
The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
62.8K
Diencephalon: Anatomical Regions01:30

Diencephalon: Anatomical Regions

3.3K
The diencephalon, etymologically translated as 'through brain,' plays an integral role as the conduit between the cerebrum and the vast extent of the nervous system. However, the olfactory system is an exception, as it interfaces directly with the cerebrum. The diencephalon, deeply ensconced beneath the cerebrum, primarily consists of three paired structures — the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithelamus. It also includes accessory structures such as the subthalamus, which houses the...
3.3K
Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:21

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

347
Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
To diagnose Barrett's esophagus, healthcare providers often recommend an endoscopy for those showing symptoms of acid reflux. The procedure...
347
Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

461
Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
461
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

6.6K
Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
6.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Altered autonomic balance drives the increase in cardiac output and arterial pressure during convulsive seizures in nonanesthetized sheep.

Epilepsia·2026
Same author

Brivaracetam as viable monotherapy option for focal and generalized epilepsy.

Epilepsy & behavior : E&B·2026
Same author

Characterizing Onset Limit and Surgical Outcome Factors in Type II Focal Cortical Dysplasia-Related Epilepsy.

Neurology. Clinical practice·2026
Same author

Thalamo-Lesional Connectivity Signatures of Bilateral Tonic-Clonic Seizures in Focal Cortical Dysplasia-Related Epilepsy.

Annals of clinical and translational neurology·2026
Same author

Smartphone videos for infantile epileptic spasms triaging and assessment (VISTA study): Impact of education and standardized clinical history on diagnostic accuracy.

Epilepsia open·2026
Same author

Pediatric epilepsy surgery: Global survey of invasive explorations.

Epilepsia·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 18, 2025

Full-Endoscopic Surgery for Hypothalamic Hamartoma Resection
02:22

Full-Endoscopic Surgery for Hypothalamic Hamartoma Resection

Published on: April 12, 2024

574

Hypothalamic Hamartomas: Evolving Understanding and Management.

Nathan T Cohen1, J Helen Cross2, Alexis Arzimanoglou2

  • 1From the Center for Neuroscience Research (N.T.C., W.D.G.), Children's National Hospital, The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC; UCL NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (J.H.C.), Member of ERN-EpiCARE, London; Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (J.H.C.), NHS Trust, London; Young Epilepsy (J.H.C.), Lingfield, Surrey, UK; Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, Member of ERN-EpiCARE; HFME (A.A.), Hospices Civils de Lyon, France; Epilepsy Research Unit (A.A.), Barcelona's Children Hospital San Juan de Dios, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, Spain; Epilepsy Research Centre (S.F.B.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Division of Pediatric Neurology (J.F.K.), Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital; Hope for Hypothalamic Hamartomas (I.P.M., E.W., L.S.), Phoenix, AZ; Epilepsy Surgery Program (A.C.), Clinica de Epilepsia de Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Epidemiology (D.K.H.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; RTI International (B.L.K.), Rockville, MD; Department of Neurology (C.B.S.), Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Epilepsy Center (A.S.-B.), Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Germany. ncohen@childrensnational.org.

Neurology
|October 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hypothalamic hamartomas (HH) are rare brain lesions linked to epilepsy and behavioral issues. Early detection and understanding genetic links are crucial for managing this complex condition.

More Related Videos

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
07:43

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

19.1K
Author Spotlight: Hypothalamic Neural Mechanism Insights
09:29

Author Spotlight: Hypothalamic Neural Mechanism Insights

Published on: August 4, 2023

4.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 18, 2025

Full-Endoscopic Surgery for Hypothalamic Hamartoma Resection
02:22

Full-Endoscopic Surgery for Hypothalamic Hamartoma Resection

Published on: April 12, 2024

574
Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
07:43

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

19.1K
Author Spotlight: Hypothalamic Neural Mechanism Insights
09:29

Author Spotlight: Hypothalamic Neural Mechanism Insights

Published on: August 4, 2023

4.1K

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Hypothalamic hamartomas (HH) are rare basilar developmental lesions.
  • HH are frequently associated with refractory epilepsy, encephalopathy, and significant comorbidities.
  • Widespread behavioral issues, including rage, aggression, and externalizing disorders, are common in children with HH.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the current understanding of hypothalamic hamartomas.
  • To highlight key areas for future research into HH pathogenesis and management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on hypothalamic hamartomas.
  • Analysis of genetic studies implicating patterning genes like GLI3.
  • Synthesis of clinical observations regarding comorbidities and behavioral phenotypes.

Main Results:

  • Early detection of HH is possible through advanced imaging, including prenatal diagnosis.
  • Genetic mutations in GLI3 and other patterning genes are implicated in HH development.
  • Behavioral disruption and intellectual disability can precede epilepsy in affected individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Hypothalamic hamartomas present a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with diverse clinical manifestations.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate HH pathogenesis and improve therapeutic strategies.
  • Multidisciplinary management is essential for addressing the epilepsy, behavioral, and cognitive challenges associated with HH.