Darcy-Forchheimer couple stress hybrid nanofluids flow with variable fluid properties

Area of Science:

• Fluid Dynamics
• Magnetohydrodynamics
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• Investigates steady, 2D, incompressible, electrically conducting magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow.
• Considers a couple stress hybrid nanofluid with complex physical phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze the MHD flow of a couple stress hybrid nanofluid.
• To examine the influence of Darcy-Forchheimer, viscous dissipation, Joule heating, heat generation, chemical reaction, and variable viscosity.
• To explore the effects of permeability, couple-stress, and magnetic parameters on flow characteristics.

Main Methods:

• The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) were transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using similarity transformations.
• The Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM) was employed for analytical solutions.
• Computational analysis was performed to investigate parameter impacts.

Main Results:

• Axial mean velocity at the boundary shows an inverse relationship with the couple stress parameter.
• Permeability parameter has a direct relationship with the magnetic parameter, and vice versa.
• Enhanced temperature distribution correlates with improved pH values and electrical conductivity.

Conclusions:

• The study provides a comprehensive analysis of hybrid nanofluid flow under various physical influences.
• The findings highlight the significant impact of physical parameters on flow behavior.
• The investigated hybrid nanofluids demonstrate potential for medication applications due to their thermal and electrical properties.