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Related Concept Videos

Pain01:20

Pain

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Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
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Nociception01:44

Nociception

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Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain.
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Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones01:29

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones

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Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
The nutrient artery is the main blood vessel that enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen. While most long bones have only one nutrient foramen, large bones, such as the femur, may have two. This...
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Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

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Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...
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Thermosensation01:43

Thermosensation

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Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...
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Spinal Cord: Information Processing01:10

Spinal Cord: Information Processing

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The spinal cord is an integral hub for motor and sensory information that enables the brain to communicate with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). This communication consists of relaying sensory data and transmission of motor commands.
Sensory Information Processing
Sensory information processing begins at the sensory receptors located in the skin and other tissues, which detect somatic sensory stimuli such as touch, temperature, or pain. These receptors function as catalysts, initiating...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 18, 2025

Electrophysiological Measurement of Noxious-evoked Brain Activity in Neonates Using a Flat-tip Probe Coupled to Electroencephalography
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Electrophysiological Measurement of Noxious-evoked Brain Activity in Neonates Using a Flat-tip Probe Coupled to Electroencephalography

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Decoding pain from brain activity.

Zhe Sage Chen1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, Interdisciplinary Pain Research Program, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.

Journal of Neural Engineering
|October 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Decoding pain from brain activity offers a neural code for diagnosis and treatment. Advances in neuroimaging and electrophysiology enable pain decoding in humans and animals, aiding chronic pain biomarker discovery.

Keywords:
biomarkerchronic painfunctional connectivitymachine learningpain diagnosisstate-space model

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Pain Research

Background:

  • Pain is a complex, multidimensional experience.
  • Understanding the neural basis of pain is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.
  • Advances in neuroimaging and electrophysiology offer new tools to study brain activity related to pain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a systematic overview of state-of-the-art methods for decoding pain from brain signals.
  • To emphasize the role of electrophysiological and neuroimaging modalities in pain decoding.
  • To explore the potential of pain decoding for diagnosis and discovery of chronic pain neurobiomarkers.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current electrophysiological techniques for brain signal analysis.
  • Overview of neuroimaging modalities used in pain research.
  • Analysis of pain decoding approaches in humans and animal models.

Main Results:

  • Brain activity can be decoded to identify pain, potentially serving as a neural code.
  • Pain decoding analyses can aid in pain diagnosis.
  • This approach can facilitate the discovery of neurobiomarkers for chronic pain.

Conclusions:

  • Decoding pain from brain signals is a promising area for advancing pain diagnosis and treatment.
  • Electrophysiology and neuroimaging are key modalities for pain decoding.
  • Future research should address current challenges and explore new directions in pain decoding.