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The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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Periodontitis and Accelerated Biological Aging: A Geroscience Approach.

G Baima1, M Romandini2, F Citterio1

  • 1Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.

Journal of Dental Research
|October 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Periodontitis accelerates biological aging, increasing tooth loss risk. Interventions targeting aging mechanisms may rejuvenate the oral cavity and delay age-related diseases.

Keywords:
biomarkersimmunityinflammationoral-systemic diseasesperiodontal diseasesperiodontal medicine

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Area of Science:

  • Geroscience
  • Periodontology
  • Oral Health

Background:

  • Periodontitis and tooth loss are significant global health concerns, particularly in aging populations.
  • Chronic inflammation from periodontitis is linked to aging-related diseases and mortality.
  • Chronological age is an unreliable indicator of an individual's functional status due to variable aging rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight novel research linking periodontitis and accelerated biological aging.
  • To elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of aging in periodontal tissues.
  • To review senotherapy advancements for periodontal rejuvenation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a composite biomarker age estimator to assess biological age.
  • Examined telomere length in populations with severe periodontitis.
  • Reviewed cellular and molecular hallmarks of aging (cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, immunoaging) in periodontal tissues.
  • Investigated the impact of bacterial lipopolysaccharide and hyperglycemia on periodontal aging.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with higher biological age than chronological age showed increased periodontitis and tooth loss.
  • Severe periodontitis was associated with significantly shortened telomeres.
  • Cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and inflammaging contribute to periodontal homeostasis impairment and periodontitis pathophysiology.
  • Senescent osteocytes driven by lipopolysaccharide promote alveolar bone resorption.
  • Chronic hyperglycemia-induced inflammaging increases senescent cells in gingival tissues, compromising barrier function.

Conclusions:

  • Periodontitis is bidirectionally linked to accelerated biological aging.
  • Cellular senescence and inflammaging are key drivers of periodontal aging and disease.
  • Senotherapy approaches, including lifestyle changes and targeted treatments, show promise for oral rejuvenation.
  • Future geroscience advancements may enable early interception of biological aging to prevent age-related oral diseases.