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Periodontitis and Accelerated Biological Aging: A Geroscience Approach.
G Baima1, M Romandini2, F Citterio1
1Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
Journal of Dental Research
|October 5, 2021
Summary
Periodontitis accelerates biological aging, increasing tooth loss risk. Interventions targeting aging mechanisms may rejuvenate the oral cavity and delay age-related diseases.
Area of Science:
- Geroscience
- Periodontology
- Oral Health
Background:
- Periodontitis and tooth loss are significant global health concerns, particularly in aging populations.
- Chronic inflammation from periodontitis is linked to aging-related diseases and mortality.
- Chronological age is an unreliable indicator of an individual's functional status due to variable aging rates.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight novel research linking periodontitis and accelerated biological aging.
- To elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of aging in periodontal tissues.
- To review senotherapy advancements for periodontal rejuvenation.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a composite biomarker age estimator to assess biological age.
- Examined telomere length in populations with severe periodontitis.
- Reviewed cellular and molecular hallmarks of aging (cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, immunoaging) in periodontal tissues.
- Investigated the impact of bacterial lipopolysaccharide and hyperglycemia on periodontal aging.
Main Results:
- Individuals with higher biological age than chronological age showed increased periodontitis and tooth loss.
- Severe periodontitis was associated with significantly shortened telomeres.
- Cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and inflammaging contribute to periodontal homeostasis impairment and periodontitis pathophysiology.
- Senescent osteocytes driven by lipopolysaccharide promote alveolar bone resorption.
- Chronic hyperglycemia-induced inflammaging increases senescent cells in gingival tissues, compromising barrier function.
Conclusions:
- Periodontitis is bidirectionally linked to accelerated biological aging.
- Cellular senescence and inflammaging are key drivers of periodontal aging and disease.
- Senotherapy approaches, including lifestyle changes and targeted treatments, show promise for oral rejuvenation.
- Future geroscience advancements may enable early interception of biological aging to prevent age-related oral diseases.
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