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Area of Science:

  • Social psychology
  • Evolutionary game theory
  • Behavioral economics

Background:

  • Intergroup conflict is a fundamental aspect of social dynamics.
  • Prosociality, or beneficial behaviors towards others, can manifest as within-group or between-group cooperation.
  • Understanding the drivers of cooperation and competition is crucial for mitigating conflict.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model intergroup conflict as a two-level strategic game.
  • To review mechanisms promoting prosociality and their impact on intergroup relations.
  • To investigate how within-group cooperation and competition influence broader intergroup conflict.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent laboratory and published research.
  • Analysis of biological and sociocultural mechanisms influencing prosocial preferences and beliefs.
  • Game-theoretic modeling of strategic interactions at individual and group levels.

Main Results:

  • Mechanisms promoting prosociality often lead to in-group bounded cooperation (parochial cooperation).
  • These mechanisms can also foster in-group competition (parochial competition).
  • Both parochial cooperation and competition were found to intensify, rather than mitigate, intergroup conflict.

Conclusions:

  • Prosociality, while beneficial within groups, can paradoxically exacerbate intergroup conflict.
  • The study highlights the complex interplay between in-group dynamics and broader intergroup relations.
  • Findings suggest a need to reconsider strategies for promoting intergroup harmony.