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Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 mortality in Saudi Arabia

Rawabi M Alsayer1, Hassan M Alsharif1, Abeer M Al Baadani1

  • 1From the Scientific Research Center (Alsayer); from the Department of Infectious Disease (Al Baadani, Kalam), Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, and from the Department of Intensive Care (Alsharif), King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Saudi Medical Journal
|October 6, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Older age, male sex, and common conditions like diabetes and hypertension were key indicators of COVID-19 mortality in Saudi Arabia. Elevated inflammatory markers also signal disease progression.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Clinical Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic presented a significant challenge to healthcare systems globally.
  • Understanding in-hospital mortality patterns is crucial for resource allocation and patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 224 in-hospital COVID-19 mortality cases in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).
  • To identify significant death indicators and assess the outbreak's burden on the KSA healthcare system.

Main Methods:

  • A multi-center retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted.
  • Data from 15 Armed Forces hospitals in KSA, covering March to July 2020, were analyzed.
  • Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and complication data from COVID-19 mortality cases were collected.

Main Results:

  • The average age of deceased patients was 69.66 years, with 63.4% being male.
  • Comorbidities like diabetes mellitus (73.7%) and hypertension (69.6%) were highly prevalent.
  • Logistic regression indicated associations between COVID-19 mortality and conditions like acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute kidney injury, though not statistically significant in this analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Aging, male gender, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension are significant indicators of COVID-19 mortality in KSA.
  • Elevated levels of serum ferritin, procalcitonin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and D-dimer can indicate disease progression.
  • These findings offer insights into COVID-19 death predictors and the healthcare system's burden.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVID-19CoronavirusSARS-CoV-2Saudi Arabiaepidemiologymortality

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