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Perception01:28

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Perception is a fundamental psychological process that enables individuals to organize, interpret, and consciously experience sensory information. This process is crucial for understanding and interacting with the world around us. It includes both bottom-up and top-down processing, each playing a distinct role in how we perceive our environment.
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Controlled processes in human consciousness represent high-alert mental states where individuals deliberately focus their attention on achieving specific goals. Controlled processes can be seen in situations like mastering new technology, where a person might become so absorbed that they ignore surrounding distractions. Such processes involve selective attention, requiring one to concentrate on particular elements of experience while disregarding others. These are governed by executive...
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Visual System01:26

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 18, 2025

Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity
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Awareness-Dependent Normalization Framework of Visual Bottom-up Attention.

Shiyu Wang1,2, Ling Huang1,2, Qinglin Chen1,2

  • 1Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631, China.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|October 6, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Visual attention improves performance with or without awareness. This study reveals awareness modulates attention fields, impacting normalization processes and supporting an awareness-dependent framework for visual bottom-up attention.

Keywords:
attention fieldawarenessgradient profilenormalization modelvisual bottom-up attention

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Bottom-up attention enhances visual performance, but the neural basis for its function with and without awareness is not fully understood.
  • The normalization model of attention proposes mechanisms for attentional selection, but its role concerning awareness is debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether visual bottom-up attention, with and without awareness, is governed by a common neural computation.
  • To explore the influence of awareness on the scope and normalization processes of visual attention fields.
  • To test the applicability of the normalization model of attention in an awareness-dependent framework.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a modified Posner paradigm with backward masking to manipulate awareness of exogenous cues.
  • Manipulated stimulus size relative to individual awareness-dependent attention fields and varied stimulus contrast.
  • Measured the spatial cueing effect and analyzed contrast-response functions to assess attentional gain.

Main Results:

  • The cueing effect exhibited a Gaussian-like profile with a wider scope when awareness was present compared to when it was absent.
  • Observed changes in cueing effect consistent with contrast gain for visible cues and response gain for invisible cues.
  • Successfully simulated awareness-dependent attention fields using the normalization model of attention.

Conclusions:

  • Visual bottom-up attention operates within an awareness-dependent normalization framework.
  • Awareness acts as a crucial constraint in understanding the neural computations underlying visual attention.
  • Findings support and extend the normalization model of attention by incorporating the role of awareness.