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Updated: Oct 17, 2025

Preparation and Characterization of Graphene-Based 3D Biohybrid Hydrogel Bioink for Peripheral Neuroengineering

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Published on: May 16, 2022

Toxicity of Graphene: An Update.

Thiyagarajan Devasena¹, Arul Prakash Francis², Sundara Ramaprabhu³

¹Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Anna University, Chennai, India. tdevasenabio@gmail.com.

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

|October 6, 2021

Summary

Graphene

Keywords:

Ecosystem Environmental Graphene In vitro In vivo Toxicity

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Area of Science:

Nanotechnology
Materials Science
Environmental Science

Background:

Graphene exhibits diverse biomedical applications, including drug delivery and diagnostics.
Increasing environmental and human exposure to graphene necessitates understanding its toxicity.
Graphene's unique properties present both opportunities and risks.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current research on graphene's toxicity across various models.
To consolidate findings on in vitro, in vivo, and environmental toxicity.
To highlight the dual nature of graphene toxicity in biological systems.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive literature review of graphene toxicity studies.
Analysis of in vitro assays (cell cultures).
Evaluation of in vivo studies (animal models) and ecotoxicity data.

Main Results:

Graphene exhibits toxicity in in vitro and in vivo models.
Environmental exposure poses risks to ecosystems.
Graphene toxicity can be advantageous in targeting bacterial and cancer cells.

Conclusions:

Graphene's biomedical potential is accompanied by significant toxicity concerns.
Further research is crucial to mitigate risks associated with graphene exposure.
Understanding graphene's toxicological profile is essential for safe application and environmental management.