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Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on routine pediatric vaccination in Brazil

Victor Santana Santos1,2,3, Sarah Cristina Fontes Vieira2,4, Ikaro Daniel de Carvalho Barreto5

  • 1Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Arapiraca, Brazil.

Expert Review of Vaccines
|October 6, 2021
PubMed

Insights

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly reduced routine pediatric vaccinations in Brazil. While vaccine uptake partially recovered post-lockdown, enhanced public awareness and booster campaigns are crucial for sustained immunization.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted global health services, impacting routine pediatric vaccination programs.
  • Brazil experienced notable disruptions in healthcare delivery, affecting vaccination demand and accessibility for children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on routine pediatric vaccination rates in Brazil.
  • To assess changes in vaccine uptake across different age groups and regions during the pandemic.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of vaccine doses administered to children aged 0-6 years from January 2019 to December 2020.
  • Data stratified by age (0-2 years and >2-6 years) and Brazilian region.
  • Difference-in-difference (DiD) analysis comparing pre-pandemic, stay-at-home, and reopening periods.

Main Results:

  • Vaccine doses administered decreased during the stay-at-home period across Brazil.
  • Highest reductions in vaccination for 0-2 year olds observed in North (-25.3%), Northeast (-16.8%), and Central-West (-10.2%) regions.
  • Significant vaccination declines for >2-6 year olds in North (DiD = -27.2%) and South (DiD = -14.0%) regions; partial recovery noted during reopening.

Conclusions:

  • Routine pediatric vaccination rates declined during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil.
  • Despite partial recovery in the reopening phase, sustained immunization requires additional strategies.
  • Increased public awareness campaigns and vaccination booster initiatives are recommended to address vaccination gaps.
Abstract

Keywords:
BrazilVaccine-preventable diseasescovid-19immunization servicesvaccination programs

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