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Updated: Oct 17, 2025

An Assessment Method and Toolkit to Evaluate Keyboard Design on Smartphones
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Naturalistic smartphone keyboard typing reflects processing speed and executive function.

Mindy K Ross1, Alexander P Demos1, John Zulueta1

  • 1University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

Brain and Behavior
|October 6, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Smartphone typing speed and mood scores can help assess cognition. Slower typing and higher depression correlate with poorer performance on cognitive tests like the trail making test.

Keywords:
bipolar disordercognitionmHealthtrail making teststyping dynamics

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Digital Health

Background:

  • Smartphone ubiquity offers novel avenues for remote neuropsychological assessment.
  • Traditional cognitive evaluations can be time-consuming and inaccessible.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the feasibility of using smartphone typing dynamics and mood scores to supplement cognitive function evaluation.
  • To explore the relationship between typing patterns, mood, and performance on the digital trail making test part B (dTMT-B).

Main Methods:

  • Naturalistic keypress dynamics were recorded using a custom Android keyboard in individuals with bipolar disorder and controls.
  • Participants completed daily dTMT-B and weekly mood assessments.
  • Longitudinal mixed-effects models analyzed daily dTMT-B performance based on typing and mood data.

Main Results:

  • Digital TMT-B showed adequate reliability compared to paper-based tests.
  • Slower typing speed correlated with longer dTMT-B completion times.
  • Increased depression scores were associated with slower dTMT-B performance, indicating a practice effect.

Conclusions:

  • Smartphone typing dynamics, combined with mood data, can infer cognitive aspects like attention and processing speed in naturalistic settings.
  • This approach offers a potential complement to traditional in-person neuropsychological assessments.