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Deriving the angular response function for backscattering sensors.

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    This study introduces a new angular response function (W) for scattering sensors, improving backscattering measurements. The derived function enhances accuracy for instruments like HydroScat-6 and ECO-BB, reducing measurement uncertainty.

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    Area of Science:

    • Ocean optics
    • In-situ optical measurements
    • Particulate scattering

    Background:

    • Accurate measurement of particulate backscattering is crucial for ocean color remote sensing and biogeochemical studies.
    • Commercial scattering sensors require precise calibration, including their angular response function (W), to minimize measurement errors.
    • Existing methods for determining W and correcting for attenuation effects can introduce significant uncertainties.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To derive a theoretically sound angular response function (W) for scattering sensors that inherently satisfies normalization criteria.
    • To validate the derived W against Monte Carlo simulations and experimental measurements using known targets.
    • To assess the performance of the derived W in improving backscattering measurements and reducing uncertainty for commercial sensors.

    Main Methods:

    • Derivation of the angular response function (W) based on scattering principles.
    • Application of the derived W to two commercial sensors: HydroScat-6 and ECO-BB.
    • Comparison of W-corrected backscattering measurements with Mie theory calculations for microbeads.
    • Investigation of the relationship between W reduction and attenuation coefficient.
    • Estimation of uncertainty budgets for the evaluated sensors.

    Main Results:

    • The derived angular response function (W) shows good agreement with Monte Carlo simulations and direct measurements for HydroScat-6 and ECO-BB.
    • Applying the derived W improves the agreement between measured and calculated backscattering for microbeads.
    • A reduction in W with increasing attenuation coefficient was linked to path length attenuation.
    • The theoretically derived correction factor outperforms default methods for the tested sensors.
    • Uncertainty analysis revealed that ECO-BB's major uncertainty stems from its wide field of view, while HydroScat-6's is due to attenuation correction.

    Conclusions:

    • The derived angular response function (W) provides a more accurate calibration for scattering sensors.
    • The new method effectively corrects for path length attenuation, improving backscattering measurements.
    • Understanding sensor-specific uncertainties is critical for accurate oceanographic data acquisition.