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Updated: Oct 17, 2025

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Reprogrammable optical metasurfaces by electromechanical reconfiguration.

Yu Han, Shanshan Chen, Changyin Ji

    Optics Express
    |October 7, 2021
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers developed a reprogrammable metasurface using electromechanical nano-kirigami for dynamic light manipulation. This innovation enables independent pixel control for advanced holographic displays and optical devices at visible wavelengths.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Materials Science
    • Nanotechnology

    Background:

    • Metasurfaces offer precise control over light properties like amplitude, phase, and polarization.
    • Existing metasurfaces are typically static and passive, limiting their dynamic applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and demonstrate a novel reprogrammable metasurface capable of dynamic, independent pixel manipulation.
    • To explore the use of electromechanical nano-kirigami for reconfigurable optical functionalities.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of a metasurface utilizing suspended gold nano-architectures on a silicon substrate.
    • Employing electrostatic forces for out-of-plane mechanical deformation of individual pixels.
    • Applying controlled voltages to achieve independent phase retardation and pixel control.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated independent control of pixels at visible wavelengths through mechanical deformation.
    • Achieved digitally controlled tunable metasurface holograms, including 3D dynamic displays and ultrathin planar lenses.
    • Verified the ability to manipulate light phase retardation via applied voltage distributions.

    Conclusions:

    • The electromechanical metasurface offers a new paradigm for reconfigurable and programmable optical devices.
    • This technology opens avenues for advanced applications in holography, 3D displays, and spatial light modulation.
    • The proposed method provides a versatile platform for future optical information processing and data storage.