Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Angular Momentum about an Arbitrary Axis01:11

Angular Momentum about an Arbitrary Axis

282
Imagine a rigid body with a mass denoted as 'm', which has its center of mass at point G and is rotating around an inertial reference frame. The angular momentum at an arbitrary point P can be calculated by taking the cross product of the position vector and linear momentum vector for each individual mass element.
The velocity of a mass element comprises its translational velocity and the relative velocity instigated by the body's rotation. Substituting the velocity equation into...
282
Conservation of Angular Momentum: Application01:18

Conservation of Angular Momentum: Application

11.5K
A system's total angular momentum remains constant if the net external torque acting on the system is zero. Examples of such systems include a freely spinning bicycle tire that slows over time due to torque arising from friction, or the slowing of Earth's rotation over millions of years due to frictional forces exerted on tidal deformations. However in the absence of a net external torque, the angular momentum remains conserved. The conservation of angular momentum principle requires a...
11.5K
Angular Momentum: Single Particle01:10

Angular Momentum: Single Particle

6.7K
Angular momentum is directed perpendicular to the plane of the rotation, and its magnitude depends on the choice of the origin. The perpendicular vector joining the linear momentum vector of an object to the origin is called the “lever arm.” If the lever arm and linear momentum are collinear, then the magnitude of the angular momentum is zero. Therefore, in this case, the object rotates about the origin such that it lies on the rim of the circumference defined by the lever arm...
6.7K
Conservation of Angular Momentum01:09

Conservation of Angular Momentum

10.9K
A system's total angular momentum remains constant if the net external torque acting on the system is zero. Considering a system that consists of n tiny particles, the angular momentum of any tiny particle may change, but the system's total angular momentum would remain constant. The principle of conservation of angular momentum only considers the net external torque acting on the system. While there are internal forces exerted by different particles within the system that also produce...
10.9K
Angular Momentum and Principle Axes of Inertia01:09

Angular Momentum and Principle Axes of Inertia

310
The concept of angular momentum for a solid structure is illustrated as the cumulative result of the cross-product of the position vector of the mass element and the cross-product of the body's angular velocity with the position vector.
To put this equation into simpler terms, it can be reconfigured using rectangular coordinates. This involves choosing an alternative set of XYZ axes that are arbitrarily inclined with respect to the reference frame. The process of deriving the rectangular...
310
Angular Momentum: Rigid Body01:11

Angular Momentum: Rigid Body

9.6K
The total angular momentum of a rigid body can be calculated using the summation of the angular momentum of all the tiny particles rotating in the same plane. Considering all the tiny particles rotating in the x-y plane, the direction of angular momentum of all such particles and that of the rigid body would be perpendicular to the plane of the rotation along the z-axis.
This calculation can get complicated when tiny particles within the rigid body are not rotating in the same plane but have...
9.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The 579-bp structural variant in PIK3C3 regulates gene expression and modulates immune responses in Xiang pigs.

BMC veterinary research·2026
Same author

Swimming in the future already: the use of AI in zebrafish neurobehavioral research and CNS drug screening.

Neuroscience·2026
Same author

Bone-related adverse events of hormonal therapy: A pharmacovigilance study based on the Food & Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System.

The Journal of international medical research·2026
Same author

Genetic variation, recombinant characteristics, and seroprevalence analysis of echovirus 3 causing severe and mild cases of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Guizhou Province.

Microbiology spectrum·2026
Same author

Optically Transparent Dual-Ring Resonant Frequency Selective Surface Based on ITO Film for Sub-6 GHz Indoor Communication.

Micromachines·2026
Same author

A synergistic ligand complexation and photocatalytic precipitation strategy for efficient uranium extraction from salt lake.

Journal of colloid and interface science·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 17, 2025

Demonstration of Spin-Multiplexed and Direction-Multiplexed All-Dielectric Visible Metaholograms
08:48

Demonstration of Spin-Multiplexed and Direction-Multiplexed All-Dielectric Visible Metaholograms

Published on: September 25, 2020

5.9K

Orbital angular momentum generator with multiple retroreflection channels enabled by an angle-selective metasurface.

Zhongtao Zhang, Jiafu Wang, Ruichao Zhu

    Optics Express
    |October 7, 2021
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers developed a novel metasurface vortex generator that integrates retroreflective properties. This innovation enhances target tracking for orbital angular momentum (OAM) communication systems by improving backscattering, reducing device size and cost.

    More Related Videos

    Demonstration of Equal-Intensity Beam Generation by Dielectric Metasurfaces
    09:33

    Demonstration of Equal-Intensity Beam Generation by Dielectric Metasurfaces

    Published on: June 7, 2019

    6.4K
    Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures
    08:01

    Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures

    Published on: November 21, 2019

    7.3K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Oct 17, 2025

    Demonstration of Spin-Multiplexed and Direction-Multiplexed All-Dielectric Visible Metaholograms
    08:48

    Demonstration of Spin-Multiplexed and Direction-Multiplexed All-Dielectric Visible Metaholograms

    Published on: September 25, 2020

    5.9K
    Demonstration of Equal-Intensity Beam Generation by Dielectric Metasurfaces
    09:33

    Demonstration of Equal-Intensity Beam Generation by Dielectric Metasurfaces

    Published on: June 7, 2019

    6.4K
    Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures
    08:01

    Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures

    Published on: November 21, 2019

    7.3K

    Area of Science:

    • Electromagnetics and Metamaterials
    • Optical Communications

    Background:

    • Vortex beams with orbital angular momentum (OAM) offer enhanced communication capabilities like higher spectrum efficiency and anti-interference.
    • Tracking vortex generators is challenging due to weak backscattering under oblique incidence, often requiring bulky retroreflectors.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and demonstrate a novel vortex generator with integrated retroreflective characteristics.
    • To overcome the limitations of conventional OAM generators by eliminating the need for separate retroreflectors.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized an angle-selective metasurface composed of meta-atoms designed for broadband polarization conversion and efficient retroreflection.
    • Investigated the performance of the integrated OAM generator and retroreflector under both normal and oblique incidence conditions.
    • Validated the design through electromagnetic simulations and experimental measurements across the 15.0-21.0 GHz frequency range.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed meta-atom achieved broadband polarization conversion under normal incidence and efficient retroreflection under oblique incidence.
    • The integrated OAM generator operated effectively from 15.0-21.0 GHz for both x- and y-polarized normal incidence.
    • Four retroreflection channels were demonstrated under oblique illumination of both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) waves at 20.0 GHz.

    Conclusions:

    • The integrated OAM generator and retroreflector significantly reduces weight, volume, and production costs.
    • This advancement promotes the development of miniaturized, multi-role, and intelligent functional devices for future wireless communications.