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Single-photon detection for MIMO underwater wireless optical communication enabled by arrayed LEDs and SiPMs.

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    This study explores silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) array-based multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC). The research demonstrates a novel approach for high-performance, long-distance UWOC systems, especially under optical turbulence.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Optical Communications
    • Underwater Technology
    • Signal Processing

    Background:

    • Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) offers enhanced capacity and speed in aquatic environments.
    • Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) provide high sensitivity for detecting weak light signals in UWOC.
    • Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques improve UWOC system robustness and performance.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the performance of a SiPM array-based MIMO UWOC system.
    • To analyze the characteristics and photon-counting capabilities of SiPMs in UWOC.
    • To evaluate the effectiveness of MIMO in mitigating UWOC challenges like optical turbulence.

    Main Methods:

    • Characterization of SiPMs in photon-counting and analog modes.
    • Theoretical analysis of SiPM photocount distribution (Gaussian approximation).
    • Experimental setup using a 6x3 MIMO scheme with SiPM array for UWOC transmission.

    Main Results:

    • SiPMs achieve high sensitivity, enabling low bit error rates with minimal photon detection.
    • A 6x3 MIMO-UWOC system achieved an energy per bit of 7.38×10⁻⁹ J/bit at 1 Mbps.
    • The system demonstrated effectiveness in a 10m water tank with a scintillation index of 4.66×10⁻³.

    Conclusions:

    • This work presents the first MIMO-UWOC system utilizing the photon-counting mode of a SiPM array.
    • The combination of SiPMs and MIMO offers significant potential for long-distance UWOC, even in turbulent conditions.
    • The developed system shows promise for future high-speed underwater communication networks.