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Related Concept Videos

Design Example01:23

Design Example

400
The innovation of touch-tone telephony revolutionized the telecommunications industry by replacing the traditional rotary dial with a dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signaling system. This system uses a matrix-style keypad with buttons arranged in four rows and three columns, creating 12 distinct signals each assigned to a pair of frequencies. Each button press results in a simultaneous generation of two sinusoidal tones – one from a low-frequency group (697 to 941 Hz) and one from a...
400
Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit01:20

Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit

1.0K
In integrated circuit technology, a capacitance multiplier is often utilized to produce a larger capacitance value when a small physical capacitance falls short. This is achieved by a circuit that multiplies capacitance values by a factor of up to 1000, such that a 10-pF capacitor can replicate the performance of a 100-nF capacitor.
The circuit illustrated in Figure 1 below incorporates two op-amps, with the first operating as a voltage follower and the second acting as an inverting amplifier.
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Broadband silicon four-mode multi/demultiplexer designed by a wavefront matching method.

Yusuke Sawada, Takeshi Fujisawa, Takanori Sato

    Optics Express
    |October 7, 2021
    PubMed
    Summary

    We developed a broadband silicon mode (de)multiplexer using asymmetric directional couplers. This new design significantly enhances bandwidth compared to conventional methods, enabling better optical communication performance.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Integrated Optics
    • Silicon Photonics

    Background:

    • Mode (de)multiplexers are crucial for optical communication systems, enabling higher data transmission capacities.
    • Existing designs often face limitations in operational bandwidth, restricting their practical application.
    • Asymmetric directional couplers offer potential for improved mode selectivity and bandwidth.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and design a broadband silicon four-mode multi/demultiplexer.
    • To enhance the operational bandwidth of mode (de)multiplexers for optical communication.
    • To demonstrate the superiority of a novel design approach over conventional methods.

    Main Methods:

    • Designing asymmetric directional couplers using a wavefront matching method.
    • Simulating the performance of the proposed multi/demultiplexer for TE1, TE2, and TE3 modes.
    • Experimentally validating the performance of the designed couplers.
    • Theoretically investigating ultrabroadband tapered asymmetric directional couplers.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed asymmetric directional couplers achieved -0.5-dB bandwidths of 112, 114, and 134 nm for TE1, TE2, and TE3 modes, respectively.
    • These bandwidths significantly exceed those of conventional couplers (80, 72, and 65 nm).
    • Experimental results confirmed the enhanced performance of the wavefront matching method designed couplers.

    Conclusions:

    • The wavefront matching method provides a superior approach for designing broadband asymmetric directional couplers for mode (de)multiplexing.
    • The developed silicon four-mode multi/demultiplexer offers significantly improved bandwidth, paving the way for next-generation optical communication.
    • Further theoretical exploration of tapered designs suggests potential for even broader bandwidths.