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    Erbium-doped-fiber-amplifiers (EDFA) improve Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (BOTDA) sensors but cause errors. A new distributed depletion mapping (DDM) method corrects these slow transient effect distortions, enhancing measurement accuracy.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical Engineering
    • Sensing Technology
    • Fiber Optics

    Background:

    • Erbium-doped-fiber-amplifiers (EDFA) enhance signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (BOTDA) sensors.
    • Slow transient effect (STE) in EDFA-boosted BOTDA systems introduces Brillouin gain spectrum distortion and measurement errors.
    • Existing tail-alignment (TA) methods fail to fully compensate for STE across long fiber links.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and validate a novel distributed depletion mapping (DDM) method to mitigate STE-induced distortions in BOTDA.
    • To improve the accuracy of Brillouin frequency shift measurements in long-range BOTDA systems.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of the distributed depletion mapping (DDM) technique utilizing a continuous light wave injection.
    • Experimental demonstration of DDM on a 120-km sensing fiber with 2-m spatial resolution.
    • Comparison of DDM performance against the conventional tail-alignment (TA) method.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed DDM method effectively compensates for STE-induced distortions in the Brillouin gain spectrum.
    • DDM significantly reduces Brillouin frequency shift measurement errors, achieving compensation of over 7.69-MHz.
    • The conventional TA method showed limitations in STE compensation over the entire 120-km fiber link.

    Conclusions:

    • The distributed depletion mapping (DDM) method is a viable solution for overcoming slow transient effects in EDFA-enhanced BOTDA sensors.
    • DDM enables more accurate and reliable distributed strain and temperature measurements using BOTDA technology over extended distances.