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    Efficiently coupling external light to nanophotonic chips is crucial. This study explores tapered fiber-to-waveguide coupling, achieving ideal efficiency for integrated nano-photonic devices and optical fibers.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Nanotechnology
    • Optical Engineering

    Background:

    • Integrated nanophotonic chips require efficient external light coupling due to limitations in on-chip light source integration.
    • High-efficiency coupling necessitates low-loss coupling structures.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To theoretically analyze factors for high-efficiency coupling.
    • To experimentally investigate and improve light coupling structures for nanophotonic chips.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical analysis of coupling efficiency factors.
    • Experimental realization of lensed fiber to tapered silicon nitride (Si3N4) waveguide coupling.
    • Proposal and analysis of direct alignment schemes (lensed fiber to cantilever waveguide, tapered fiber to Si3N4/SiO2 cantilever).

    Main Results:

    • Initial lensed fiber to tapered Si3N4 waveguide coupling showed non-ideal efficiency.
    • Direct alignment of lensed fiber to cantilever waveguide was hindered by waveguide warpage.
    • Tapered fiber directly overlapped onto Si3N4/SiO2 cantilever achieved ideal coupling efficiency over a 1530-1600 nm wavelength range.

    Conclusions:

    • A tapered fiber directly overlapped onto a Si3N4/SiO2 cantilever provides an effective solution for high-efficiency light coupling.
    • This method establishes a foundation for seamless integration of nano-photonic devices with optical fibers.
    • The developed coupling scheme demonstrates robust performance across a key telecommunication wavelength band.