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    Researchers achieved sub-100 femtosecond (fs) laser pulses using a novel thulium-doped crystal. This breakthrough in ultrafast laser technology utilized a carbon nanotube saturable absorber for stable mode-locking.

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    Area of Science:

    • Laser Physics
    • Materials Science
    • Optoelectronics

    Background:

    • Thulium-doped (Tm3+) disordered garnets are promising for ultrafast lasers.
    • Achieving sub-100 fs pulse durations requires precise control over laser dynamics.
    • Carbon nanotube saturable absorbers offer efficient mode-locking capabilities.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate the first sub-100 fs mode-locked laser operation using a Tm3+-doped disordered calcium lithium tantalum gallium garnet (Tm:CLTGG) crystal.
    • To investigate the performance of a single-walled carbon nanotube saturable absorber in this laser system.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a Tm:CLTGG crystal as the gain medium.
    • Employed a transmission-type single-walled carbon nanotube saturable absorber for initiating and stabilizing soliton mode-locking.
    • Characterized the laser output, including pulse duration, central wavelength, average power, and repetition rate.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved stable sub-100 fs mode-locked laser operation.
    • Generated pulses as short as 69 fs at a central wavelength of 2010.4 nm.
    • Obtained a maximum average output power of 103 mW in the sub-100 fs regime, with 28 mW at a repetition rate of ~87.7 MHz.

    Conclusions:

    • The Tm:CLTGG crystal is suitable for generating ultrashort laser pulses.
    • Single-walled carbon nanotube saturable absorbers are effective for ultrafast mode-locking in this material system.
    • This work paves the way for advanced applications requiring high-power, ultrashort laser sources in the 2-micron spectral region.