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Superior semicircular canal dehiscence: a narrative review
1Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
The Journal of Laryngology and Otology
|October 7, 2021
Summary
Superior semicircular canal dehiscence, a rare cause of dizziness, creates a "third window" in the inner ear. This condition leads to sound and pressure sensitivity, with surgery offering a safe treatment option.
Area of Science:
- Otolaryngology
- Neuroscience
- Vestibular System
Background:
- Superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD) is a rare condition, often overlooked, causing dizziness and auditory issues.
- First described over 20 years ago, SSCD's pathophysiology is increasingly understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the origins, symptoms, pathophysiology, and treatments for SSCD.
- To elucidate the
- third window
- mechanism in SSCD.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on SSCD.
- Analysis of diagnostic tools including CT scans and vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs).
Main Results:
- SSCD creates a bony defect acting as a
- third window
- , disrupting inner ear balance.
- Symptoms include sound/pressure-induced vertigo, oscillopsia, nystagmus, autophony, hyperacusis, and tinnitus.
- Causes involve congenital factors combined with events like head trauma or pressure changes.
Conclusions:
- Diagnosis is confirmed by CT and VEMP thresholds.
- Surgery is a safe and effective treatment for both vestibular and auditory symptoms.
- Transmastoid surgical approaches are becoming more common for SSCD treatment.
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