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Age Differences in Multimodal Quantitative Sensory Testing and Associations With Brain Volume.

Alisa J Johnson1,2, Abigail T Wilson3,4, Chavier Laffitte Nodarse1

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Summary

Healthy older adults show declines in somatosensory function, varying by body site. These changes are linked to alterations in brain structure, suggesting both peripheral and central nervous system changes with aging.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Sensory Physiology

Background:

  • Somatosensory function is vital for healthy aging, with age-related declines previously noted.
  • Existing research often overlooks the impact of testing site, modality, and biobehavioral factors on these declines.
  • The relationship between somatosensory function decline, central nervous system changes, and brain structure in older adults remains underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related changes in somatosensory function using both innocuous and noxious stimuli.
  • To assess these changes across two distinct anatomical testing sites (metatarsal and thenar).
  • To explore the associations between somatosensory function, cognitive function, affect, and brain structure in older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 84 healthy adults (22 younger, 62 older).
  • Quantitative sensory testing (QST) to assess somatosensory function at metatarsal and thenar sites.
  • Administration of cognitive and psychological assessments.
  • Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate brain structure.

Main Results:

  • Significant age-related declines in mechanical, vibratory, cold, and warmth detection thresholds were observed.
  • Age interacted with test site for warmth detection and heat pain thresholds, indicating site-specific differences.
  • Somatosensory function showed significant associations with gray matter structure in the right occipital and temporal regions, and the left pericallosum.

Conclusions:

  • Healthy older adults exhibit altered sensory responses to stimuli compared to younger adults.
  • These sensory alterations are significantly influenced by the anatomical testing site, suggesting nonuniform declines.
  • The findings point to both peripheral and central nervous system alterations as integral components of the aging process affecting somatosensation.