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Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

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Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 17, 2025

Anogenital Distance and Perineal Measurements of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse POP Quantification System
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Online prediction tool for female pelvic floor dysfunction: development and validation.

Zhuoran Chen1, Susana Mustafa Mikhail2, Melissa Buttini3

  • 1Royal Brisbane Women's Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Women's and Newborn Services, NHB Level 5, Butterfield Street, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia. zhuoran.chen@unsw.edu.au.

International Urogynecology Journal
|October 7, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new online tool accurately predicts pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) and related conditions like prolapse and incontinence in women. This validated model aids in self-assessment and clinical diagnosis for better women

Keywords:
Online toolPrediction modelProlapseUrinary incontinence

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Area of Science:

  • Urogynecology
  • Digital Health
  • Predictive Modeling

Background:

  • Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) encompasses conditions like pelvic organ prolapse, stress urinary incontinence, and overactive bladder.
  • Accurate and accessible diagnostic tools are crucial for timely intervention and management of PFD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a prediction model for PFD and its common subtypes.
  • To create a patient-completed online tool for PFD assessment.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective cohort study of over 3,500 women was used for model development and internal validation.
  • Penalized logistic regression incorporated 42 questionnaire items and demographic data.
  • External validation was performed on 449 women to confirm model generalizability.

Main Results:

  • The model demonstrated high accuracy in predicting PFD (97% sensitivity, 74% specificity, C-index 0.96).
  • Accurate predictions were also achieved for pelvic organ prolapse, stress urinary incontinence, and overactive bladder.
  • External validation confirmed the model's robust performance across different cohorts.

Conclusions:

  • The developed online tool accurately differentiates women with and without PFD.
  • This tool serves as a valuable self-assessment resource for women and primary care providers.
  • The model facilitates the diagnosis of common pelvic floor disorders.