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Toughness and hardness are critical properties of aggregate materials used in concrete, particularly on pavement surfaces and industrial flooring subjected to heavy loads. Toughness is defined as the aggregate's resistance to failure by impact and is measured by the aggregate impact value (AIV). For this, the aggregate impact value test is performed, wherein the impact is delivered by a standard hammer, which falls freely under its own weight onto the aggregates. The aggregates fragment in...
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Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
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In this lesson, determine the ratio of the maximum bending moments applied to two metal pipes, given that both pipes can withstand a maximum stress of 100 MPa. Both pipes have an outer radius of 1.8 cm. Pipe A has an inner radius of 1.5 cm, and Pipe B has an inner radius of 1 cm. The ratio of the maximum bending moment applied to two metallic pipes, each with a different inner and outer radius, is determined by considering their dimensions. The inner radius of the first pipe is 1.5 cm, and for...
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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
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Environmental Dynamic Mechanical Analysis to Predict the Softening Behavior of Neural Implants
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Pathways to tough yet soft materials.

Nikola Bosnjak1, Meredith N Silberstein1

  • 1Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 7, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Researchers explored chemical and physical methods to control polymer chain movement within hydrogels. These strategies enable polymer chains to either extend or slip, offering new possibilities for material design.

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Hydrogels are versatile polymeric networks with diverse applications.
  • Controlling polymer chain dynamics is crucial for tuning hydrogel properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate chemical and physical strategies for manipulating polymer chain behavior in hydrogels.
  • To understand how these strategies influence chain extension and slippage.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized chemical crosslinking and external physical stimuli.
  • Employed techniques to monitor polymer chain conformation and mobility.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that specific chemical modifications promote polymer chain extension.

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  • Showed that physical forces can induce controlled polymer chain slippage.
  • Observed a direct correlation between applied strategy and resulting polymer chain dynamics.
  • Conclusions:

    • Chemical and physical approaches offer effective control over polymer chain extension and slippage in hydrogels.
    • These findings provide a foundation for designing advanced hydrogel materials with tailored mechanical and responsive properties.