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A selective antibiotic for Lyme disease.

Nadja Leimer1, Xiaoqian Wu1, Yu Imai1

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|October 7, 2021
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Summary

A novel antibiotic, hygromycin A, shows promise for treating Lyme disease. This compound selectively targets Borrelia burgdorferi, offering a microbiome-sparing alternative to current treatments.

Keywords:
B. burgdorferiLyme diseaseSpirochetesantibioticmicrobiometransport

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • Lyme disease, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, is a growing public health concern in the US.
  • Current broad-spectrum antibiotics for Lyme disease disrupt the microbiome and promote antibiotic resistance.
  • There is a need for selective antimicrobial agents against B. burgdorferi.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify a compound with selective activity against Borrelia burgdorferi.
  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a potential new therapeutic agent for Lyme disease.

Main Methods:

  • Screening of soil microorganisms for selective antimicrobial activity.
  • Identification and characterization of the active compound, hygromycin A.
  • In vivo efficacy studies in a mouse model of Lyme disease.
  • Assessment of microbiome disruption compared to conventional antibiotics.

Main Results:

  • Hygromycin A, an antimicrobial from Streptomyces hygroscopicus, was identified as highly selective against B. burgdorferi.
  • The compound targets bacterial ribosomes and is effectively taken up by B. burgdorferi.
  • Hygromycin A successfully cleared B. burgdorferi infections in mice, even when administered orally via bait.
  • The antibiotic demonstrated less disruption to the fecal microbiome than clinically used antibiotics.

Conclusions:

  • Hygromycin A is a promising selective antibiotic for treating Lyme disease.
  • Its targeted action and reduced microbiome impact offer advantages over current therapies.
  • Hygromycin A could potentially be used for both therapeutic and environmental eradication of B. burgdorferi.