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Related Experiment Videos

Phenotypic difference between allergic and irritant patch test reactions in man.

A Scheynius, T Fischer

    Contact Dermatitis
    |May 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Investigating allergic and irritant contact dermatitis, this study found human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) expression on keratinocytes in allergic reactions. This may help differentiate allergic contact dermatitis from irritant contact dermatitis.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunodermatology
    • Cellular immunology
    • Contact dermatitis research

    Background:

    • Allergic and irritant contact dermatitis share clinical similarities, necessitating diagnostic differentiation.
    • Immunohistochemical analysis offers a method to distinguish between these reaction types at a cellular level.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate in situ cellular responses in allergic and irritant contact dermatitis.
    • To identify phenotypical differences of diagnostic importance using immunohistochemical double staining.
    • To assess the role of HLA-DR and HLA-DQ expression on keratinocytes.

    Main Methods:

    • Conducted in situ immunohistochemical double staining on skin biopsies from 9 individuals.
    • Elicited allergic and irritant patch test reactions using the Finn chamber technique.

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  • Analyzed 39 skin biopsies obtained 4 to 20 days post-application, including controls.

    • Main Results:

    • Cell infiltrates were observed in both reaction types, generally greater in allergic contact dermatitis.
    • Anti-Leu 3a reactive cells predominated over anti-Leu 2a reactive cells in both reaction types.
    • Human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) expression was detected on keratinocytes in 9 of 14 allergic reactions, but not in irritant reactions or controls.
    • HLA-DQ antigens were not detected on keratinocytes.

    Conclusions:

    • The presence of HLA-DR on keratinocytes suggests an immunological response specific to allergic contact dermatitis.
    • HLA-DR expression on keratinocytes may serve as a diagnostic marker to differentiate allergic from irritant contact dermatitis.
    • Further research can validate HLA-DR as a diagnostic tool in contact dermatitis.