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Bronchial hyperreactivity in allergic subjects.

A Bundgaard, V Feilberg

    European Journal of Respiratory Diseases. Supplement
    |January 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Allergic individuals, even without respiratory symptoms, show bronchial reactivity to histamine similar to the general population. This study assessed airway responsiveness in patients with various allergic conditions.

    Area of Science:

    • Allergy and Immunology
    • Pulmonology
    • Clinical Medicine

    Background:

    • Bronchial hyperreactivity is a key feature in several allergic conditions.
    • Assessing airway responsiveness is crucial for understanding allergic disease phenotypes.
    • The relationship between allergic symptoms and bronchial reactivity in non-asthmatic individuals requires further investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate bronchial hyperreactivity in patients with allergic symptoms but without overt airway disease.
    • To determine if allergic individuals without respiratory symptoms exhibit altered airway responsiveness to histamine.
    • To compare bronchial reactivity in patients with rhinitis, eczema, and urticaria.

    Main Methods:

    • Seventy-nine patients with a history of allergic symptoms underwent spirometry to measure forced expiration in the first second (FEV1).

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  • A histamine challenge test was performed on patients with FEV1 > 1 L, involving sequential inhalations of increasing histamine concentrations.
  • Bronchial hyperreactivity was defined as a >20% drop in FEV1 post-inhalation.

    • Main Results:

    • Among patients with rhinitis, 6 out of 29 showed a positive histamine challenge.
    • Five out of 28 patients with eczema and 3 out of 21 with urticaria had a positive bronchial challenge.
    • Positive challenges were associated with asthma, cough, serous sputum production, or hay fever in some participants, while others had no airway symptoms.

    Conclusions:

    • Allergic subjects without current airway symptoms demonstrate bronchial reactivity to inhaled histamine comparable to the general population.
    • Histamine challenge can identify bronchial hyperreactivity in allergic individuals, irrespective of their reported respiratory symptoms.
    • These findings suggest that subclinical airway involvement may be present in various allergic conditions.