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Related Concept Videos

Pain01:20

Pain

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Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
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Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain.
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Somatosensation01:33

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The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
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Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones01:29

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Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
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Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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During the postoperative period, it is crucial to focus on maintaining circulation, identifying and managing potential complications, and planning for discharge.Nursing AssessmentVital signs monitoring: Regularly monitor vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature, to detect early signs of complications such as bleeding and infection.Circulation assessment: Monitor pulses, perform Doppler assessments, and check capillary refill, color, temperature, and...
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Updated: Oct 17, 2025

Author Spotlight: Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface (RPNI) Surgery in Postamputation Pain Management
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Mechanical Pain Sensitivity in Postamputation Pain.

Emma H Beisheim-Ryan1, Ryan T Pohlig2, Gregory E Hicks1

  • 1Departments of Physical Therapy.

The Clinical Journal of Pain
|October 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adults with postamputation pain show increased pain sensitivity in the amputated area compared to those without pain or with intact limbs. This suggests persistent peripheral sensitization after limb healing.

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Area of Science:

  • Pain research
  • Neuroscience
  • Amputation studies

Background:

  • Clinical markers for pain-related hypersensitivity in the peripheral and central nervous systems postamputation are understudied.
  • Understanding pain sensitivity differences is crucial for effective postamputation pain management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate pain sensitivity in both the amputated (primary) and non-amputated (secondary) regions of adults with postamputation pain.
  • To compare pain sensitivity in these individuals against pain-free amputees and individuals with intact limbs.

Main Methods:

  • Ninety-four participants with unilateral transtibial amputation (59 with pain, 35 pain-free) and 39 controls were included.
  • Pain-pressure threshold (PPT) testing was conducted at 10 sites and normalized using Z-score conversions.
  • Multivariate analysis of variance was used to compare normalized PPTs between groups.

Main Results:

  • Adults with postamputation pain exhibited reduced normalized PPTs at both primary and secondary sites compared to pain-free peers.
  • Compared to controls, adults with postamputation pain showed reduced normalized PPTs only at primary (amputated) sites.

Conclusions:

  • Postamputation pain is associated with heightened pain sensitivity in the amputated region, indicating persistent peripheral sensitization.
  • The absence of significant secondary-site hypersensitivity differences between groups suggests central nervous system hypersensitivity may not be universal in postamputation pain.