Persistence of left atrial abnormalities despite left atrial volume normalization after successful ablation of atrial...

Left atrial volume index (LAVI) of >34 mL/m² is the cutoff value for identifying an enlarged left atrium. The definition of left atrial (LA) reverse remodeling after atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation is undetermined. We hypothesized that patients with LA dilatation who achieve normal LA volume (LAVI<34 mL/m²) after AF ablation have better long-term outcomes than those who do not. Furthermore, we investigated whether patients with a normal LA volume can also achieve normal LA function with AF ablation.

We enrolled 140 AF patients with baseline LAVI of ≥34 mL/m², without AF recurrence for 1 year after the initial AF ablation. We acquired conventional and speckle-tracking echocardiographic parameters within 24 hour and at 1 year after the procedure. To define the normal range of LA function, age- and sex-matched controls without a history of AF were also enrolled.

After restoration of sinus rhythm, LA structural and functional parameters significantly improved, and 75 patients (54%) had normal LA volume. During a median follow-up of 44 (31-61) months, 32 patients (23%) experienced a late recurrence of AF (AF recurrence >1 year). Patients who achieved normal LA volume after AF ablation had fewer late recurrences than those who did not (P < .01). However, LA abnormalities, especially LA dysfunction, persisted in AF patients even when the LA volume was normalized compared with controls.

Patients who achieved normal LA volume had better long-term outcomes of AF ablation than those who did not; however, LA abnormalities persisted even after successful ablation of AF.