Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

14.3K
Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
14.3K
Anatomy of the Intestines01:23

Anatomy of the Intestines

84.2K
Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the...
84.2K
Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine01:29

Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine

754
The gut microbiome is formed by a vast and diverse community of bacteria that colonizes our large intestine. These bacteria start residing in the gut from birth and continue diversifying throughout life, influenced by factors such as diet, lifestyle, and stress. The gut bacterial community also includes bacteria from food and those that enter the colon through the anus.
The normal gut flora of the colon plays a critical role in generating essential vitamins such as vitamins K, B5, and B7.
754
Hepatic Portal System01:21

Hepatic Portal System

2.9K
The hepatic portal system, a critical part of our circulatory framework, transports nutrient-laden, deoxygenated blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to the liver. This ingenious system plays an indispensable role in maintaining our body's metabolic equilibrium.
At its core, the hepatic portal vein is the result of a confluence of the superior and inferior mesenteric veins along with the splenic vein. Each of these veins has a unique role. The superior mesenteric vein is...
2.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Alcohol intake reprograms hepatic immune-metabolic circuits to exacerbate murine atherosclerosis and human cardiovascular risk.

JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology·2026
Same author

Toll-like receptor 2 impacts small intestinal villus capillarization through epithelial dual oxidase 2.

Redox biology·2026
Same author

Polyphosphates Attenuate Interleukin-12 Production in Macrophages Infected With Legionella pneumophila.

FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·2026
Same author

Large-scale analysis of temporal gene expression variation in peripheral blood.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Defining reference values for the gut microbiota in a Southern European population.

Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology·2026
Same author

Chronic Erythrocyte NO Production Accelerates Atherosclerosis by Increasing SMC De Novo Lipogenesis.

Circulation research·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 17, 2025

Co-culture of Living Microbiome with Microengineered Human Intestinal Villi in a Gut-on-a-Chip Microfluidic Device
10:51

Co-culture of Living Microbiome with Microengineered Human Intestinal Villi in a Gut-on-a-Chip Microfluidic Device

Published on: August 30, 2016

22.8K

The gut microbiota instructs the hepatic endothelial cell transcriptome.

Henning Formes1,2, Joana P Bernardes3, Amrit Mann1

  • 1Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.

Iscience
|October 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary

The gut microbiota significantly influences liver endothelial cell gene expression, impacting cholesterol and angiogenesis pathways. Germ-free conditions alter sphingolipid metabolism, highlighting the microbiota's role in liver health.

Keywords:
HepatologyMicrobiomeTranscriptomics

More Related Videos

An In Vitro Batch-culture Model to Estimate the Effects of Interventional Regimens on Human Fecal Microbiota
07:15

An In Vitro Batch-culture Model to Estimate the Effects of Interventional Regimens on Human Fecal Microbiota

Published on: July 31, 2019

9.8K
Applying Advanced In Vitro Culturing Technology to Study the Human Gut Microbiota
06:23

Applying Advanced In Vitro Culturing Technology to Study the Human Gut Microbiota

Published on: February 15, 2019

14.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 17, 2025

Co-culture of Living Microbiome with Microengineered Human Intestinal Villi in a Gut-on-a-Chip Microfluidic Device
10:51

Co-culture of Living Microbiome with Microengineered Human Intestinal Villi in a Gut-on-a-Chip Microfluidic Device

Published on: August 30, 2016

22.8K
An In Vitro Batch-culture Model to Estimate the Effects of Interventional Regimens on Human Fecal Microbiota
07:15

An In Vitro Batch-culture Model to Estimate the Effects of Interventional Regimens on Human Fecal Microbiota

Published on: July 31, 2019

9.8K
Applying Advanced In Vitro Culturing Technology to Study the Human Gut Microbiota
06:23

Applying Advanced In Vitro Culturing Technology to Study the Human Gut Microbiota

Published on: February 15, 2019

14.4K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Vascular Biology
  • Hepatology

Background:

  • The gut microbiota influences distant organ functions, but its effect on endothelial cell transcriptomes is largely unknown.
  • The liver endothelium is uniquely positioned to receive microbial signals via the portal vein.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of gut commensals on the hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cell (EC) transcriptome.
  • To create a comprehensive map of microbiota-regulated gene expression in liver ECs.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation of hepatic sinusoidal ECs from germ-free and conventionally raised mice using magnetic and fluorescence-activated cell sorting.
  • Transcriptome analysis via RNA sequencing.

Main Results:

  • Identified a comprehensive map of microbiota-regulated hepatic EC-specific transcriptome profiles.
  • Discovered that the absence of microbiota affects genes involved in cholesterol flux and angiogenesis.
  • Observed significantly increased expression of genes in sphingolipid metabolism and the sphingosine-1-phosphate pathway in germ-free mice.

Conclusions:

  • The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in shaping the transcriptional landscape of the hepatic endothelium.
  • Microbiota absence alters key pathways in liver ECs, including those related to cholesterol and angiogenesis.