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Isolation of Culturable Yeasts and Molds from Soils to Investigate Fungal Population Structure
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Global patterns in culturable soil yeast diversity.

Himeshi Samarasinghe1, Yi Lu1, Renad Aljohani1,2

  • 1Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.

Iscience
|October 8, 2021
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Summary

Global soil yeast diversity was analyzed using DNA barcoding. Mean annual precipitation and international air travel significantly impact yeast communities, raising concerns about infectious yeasts in soils worldwide.

Keywords:
geomicrobiologymicrobiologysoil science

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Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Environmental Microbiology
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Yeasts, unicellular fungi, are vital soil decomposers and nutrient sources.
  • Investigating soil yeast diversity is challenging due to limitations in metagenomic approaches for identification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize global soil yeast diversity.
  • To identify environmental factors influencing soil yeast community structure and composition.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized fungal DNA barcoding for yeast identification.
  • Cultured 1473 yeast isolates from 3826 soil samples across nine countries on six continents.

Main Results:

  • Identified mean annual precipitation and international air travel as significant correlates of soil yeast community structure.
  • Discovered 41 putative novel yeast species, emphasizing the need for culture-based studies.
  • Found common infectious yeasts widely distributed in soils, linked to anthropogenic influences.

Conclusions:

  • Anthropogenic factors, including climate change-induced rainfall alterations and international travel, significantly influence global soil yeast communities.
  • Culture-based methods remain crucial for discovering and understanding environmental yeast diversity.
  • The presence of infectious yeasts in soils warrants further investigation due to potential public health implications.