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A category-selective semantic memory deficit for animate objects in semantic variant primary progressive aphasia.

Shalom K Henderson1, Sheena I Dev1, Rania Ezzo1

  • 1Frontotemporal Disorders Unit and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Brain Communications
|October 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Patients with semantic variant primary progressive aphasia show a consistent deficit in identifying animate objects. This semantic deficit is linked to atrophy in the right perirhinal cortex and other temporal lobe regions.

Keywords:
animacycategory-selective semantic memory deficitsemantic memorysemantic variant primary progressive aphasia

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA) is characterized by progressive loss of semantic knowledge.
  • Previous research offers mixed findings on whether svPPA patients exhibit a category-specific deficit for animate objects.
  • The neural underpinnings of such a deficit, particularly the involvement of the perirhinal cortex and fusiform gyrus, remain debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if patients with svPPA demonstrate a category-selective semantic deficit for animate objects.
  • To identify the neural substrates associated with this potential animate object deficit in svPPA.
  • To control for psycholinguistic variables that could influence object recognition.

Main Methods:

  • A word-picture matching task was administered to 20 svPPA patients.
  • Stimuli were controlled for frequency, familiarity, typicality, and age of acquisition.
  • Cortical thickness in bilateral perirhinal cortex and lateral posterior fusiform gyri was analyzed in relation to an animacy index score.

Main Results:

  • A significant main effect of animacy was found, with patients performing worse on animate objects (P < 0.001).
  • Most individual patients displayed a disproportionate impairment for animate objects.
  • Reduced right perirhinal cortex thickness correlated with a greater deficit in processing animate objects (P = 0.015).

Conclusions:

  • A category-selective semantic deficit for animate objects is a characteristic feature of svPPA.
  • The findings implicate the right perirhinal cortex and other temporal lobe regions in the semantic processing of animate objects.
  • This study provides further evidence for the specific neural correlates of animate object processing in svPPA.