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Gender Differences in Kidney Stone Disease (KSD): Findings from a Systematic Review.
Kathryn Gillams1, Patrick Juliebø-Jones2,3, Siri Øvereng Juliebø4
1Department of Urology, Great Western Hospital Swindon, Swindon, UK.
Current Urology Reports
|October 8, 2021
Summary
The gender gap in kidney stone disease is narrowing, with higher prevalence increases seen in females, particularly adolescents. Females experience worse quality of life and higher sepsis risk post-surgery, while males are more affected by heat.
Area of Science:
- Urology
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Kidney stone disease (KSD) prevalence is increasing globally.
- Historically, KSD has affected males more frequently than females.
- Recent trends suggest a potential shift in gender distribution.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review current evidence on the changing gender disparity in kidney stone prevalence.
- To investigate potential underlying causes for observed shifts in KSD epidemiology.
- To evaluate the differential impact of KSD on quality of life and surgical outcomes between genders.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review of recent epidemiological studies on kidney stones.
- Analysis of temporal trends in KSD prevalence across different demographic groups.
- Comparative assessment of clinical outcomes and risk factors by gender.
Main Results:
- The gender disparity in kidney stone disease is indeed closing, with a more significant rise in prevalence among females, especially adolescents.
- Females report a greater adverse impact on quality of life and a higher likelihood of sepsis after endourological surgery.
- Males are more prone to presenting with kidney stones during periods of high ambient temperatures.
Conclusions:
- Recent literature indicates a temporal evolution in the burden of kidney stone disease between genders.
- Adolescent females face a higher lifetime risk of developing kidney stones compared to previous generations.
- The multifactorial nature of KSD causation necessitates continued research to understand these evolving trends.
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