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Nutrition and Brain Development.

Sarah E Cusick1, Amanda Barks2, Michael K Georgieff2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA. scusick@umn.edu.

Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences
|October 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Critical nutrients are vital for brain development, especially during sensitive periods in fetal and early postnatal life. Understanding these windows optimizes nutrition interventions and supports lifelong cognitive function.

Keywords:
Brain developmentEarly childhood nutritionMicronutrientsNutrition

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Nutrients are essential for brain development, with specific sensitive periods where key nutrients are critical.
  • Understanding these nutrient-specific sensitive periods is crucial for effective nutrition interventions and outcome assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review nutrient-specific sensitive periods for brain development.
  • To identify nutrients where pre-clinical and clinical findings align or diverge.
  • To discuss factors influencing the efficacy of nutritional interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pre-clinical and clinical studies on nutrient-specific brain development.
  • Analysis of nutrient-specific sensitive periods and brain region development.
  • Comparison of findings for various nutrients like protein, iron, iodine, choline, LC-PUFAs, zinc, and vitamin D.

Main Results:

  • Alignment between pre-clinical and clinical studies for protein, iron, iodine, and choline.
  • Discordance for long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, zinc, and vitamin D, potentially due to intervention timing, dose, duration, or population status.
  • Optimal window for nutritional intervention is late fetal and early postnatal life.

Conclusions:

  • Nutrient deficiencies during sensitive periods can cause long-lasting dysfunction and developmental loss.
  • Effective nutrition interventions require understanding nutrient-specific sensitive periods.
  • Further research may reconcile discrepancies between pre-clinical and clinical findings for certain nutrients.