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The interactions between anthocyanin and whey protein: A review
Shuai Ren1, Rafael Jiménez-Flores1, Maria Monica Giusti1
1The Ohio State University, Department of Food Science and Technology, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Whey protein (WP) enhances anthocyanins (ACN) stability and functionality by forming complexes. Understanding ACN-WP interactions improves ACN color stability and expands applications in food and pharmacy.
Area of Science:
- Food Science
- Biochemistry
- Material Science
Background:
- Anthocyanins (ACN) are natural plant pigments with valuable coloring properties.
- ACN's sensitivity to environmental factors limits their use in food products.
- Whey protein (WP) is a functional additive that can improve ACN properties.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the interactions between anthocyanins and whey protein.
- To discuss how different conditions affect ACN-WP complex formation and stability.
- To explore the impact of ACN structure and WP conformation on binding affinity.
Main Methods:
- Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy to analyze WP secondary structure changes.
- Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to study molecular interactions.
- Fluorescence spectroscopy to detect changes in WP fluorescence upon ACN binding.
- Thermodynamic analysis to determine binding forces.
Main Results:
- WP secondary structure undergoes changes upon ACN binding.
- ACN interaction causes shifts in WP's maximum fluorescence emission wavelength and decreased intensity.
- Binding forces are primarily hydrophobic, with contributions from electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding.
- Heat treatment of WP may enhance its binding affinity with ACN.
Conclusions:
- WP complexation significantly improves ACN color stability and functional properties.
- Understanding ACN-WP interactions provides insights into protecting ACN from degradation.
- This knowledge can lead to novel applications of ACN and WP in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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