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Updated: Oct 17, 2025

Liquid-cell Transmission Electron Microscopy for Tracking Self-assembly of Nanoparticles

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Published on: October 16, 2017

Dipeptide Nanostructure Assembly and Dynamics via in Situ Liquid-Phase Electron Microscopy.

Karthikeyan Gnanasekaran^1,2, Joanna Korpanty¹, Or Berger^1,2

¹Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.

|October 8, 2021

Summary

Researchers visualized peptide-based nanofibrillar (FF) nanotube growth in real-time using liquid-cell transmission electron microscopy (LCTEM). This method reveals real-time insights into supramolecular assembly kinetics and mechanisms.

Keywords:

ToF-SIMS dipeptides diphenylalanine liquid-cell TEM self-assembly

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Last Updated: Oct 17, 2025

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Area of Science:

Supramolecular chemistry and materials science.
Nanotechnology and advanced imaging techniques.

Background:

Peptide-based nanofibrillar (FF) nanotubes are self-assembled supramolecular structures with potential applications.
Understanding the real-time growth mechanisms of these nanotubes is crucial for controlling their properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To directly observe and analyze the in situ growth dynamics of FF nanotubes.
To elucidate the kinetics, structure formation, and assembly mechanisms of these supramolecular assemblies.
To demonstrate the utility of liquid-cell transmission electron microscopy (LCTEM) for studying dynamic nanoscale processes.

Main Methods:

In situ observation of FF nanotube growth using liquid-cell transmission electron microscopy (LCTEM).
High spatial and temporal resolution imaging to capture directional elongation and radial growth.
Post-mortem analysis using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) for performance evaluation.

Main Results:

Direct visualization of FF nanotube growth via directional elongation and radial monomer addition.
Real-time observation of increasing nanotube diameter during growth.
Demonstration that LCTEM can monitor supramolecular assembly kinetics, dynamics, and mechanisms.

Conclusions:

LCTEM provides unprecedented real-time insights into the formation of peptide-based nanotubes.
The study establishes a methodology for directly monitoring dynamic supramolecular assembly processes.
Combined in situ and post-mortem techniques enable comprehensive evaluation of nanomaterial formation and performance.