Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers

Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers

Many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic; they do not cross the cell membrane but bind to cell-surface receptors. Thus, their message must be relayed by second messengers present in the cell cytoplasm. There are several second messenger pathways, each with its own way of relaying information. For example, the G protein-coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol pathway is active when the receptor induces...

Diffusion

Diffusion

Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...

Overview of Cell Signaling

Overview of Cell Signaling

Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate with the environment.
Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. For example, skin cells respond to and transmit touch...

Types of Signaling Molecules

Types of Signaling Molecules

In multicellular organisms, many molecules transmit signals between cells to pass information. These signals vary in complexity and include small peptides, nucleotides, steroids, fatty acid derivatives, and dissolved gases such as nitric oxide. Some signaling molecules diffuse through the plasma membrane to act locally between neighboring cells or travel long distances. Others remain attached to the cell surface, transmitting information to other cells only when they make contact. In some...

Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade

Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade

When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze...

Autocrine Signaling

Autocrine Signaling

Autocrine signaling is one of the many signaling mechanisms that function inside multicellular organisms to carry out intercellular communication. In this type of signaling mechanism, the same cell that secretes an extracellular signaling molecule also expresses the receptors to bind and respond to that signaling molecule.
Autocrine Signaling in Macrophages
Under normal physiological conditions, autocrine signaling is essential for maintaining homeostasis. This process is well characterized in...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Real-time optical diagnosis for surgical margin in low rectal cancer using multiphoton microscopy.

Surgical endoscopy·2013

Same author

Prognostic value of MMP-9 in ovarian cancer: a meta-analysis.

Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP·2013

Same author

Substrate interactions in dehalogenation of 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloropropane, and 1,1,2-trichloroethane mixtures by Dehalogenimonas spp.

Biodegradation·2013

Same author

Correlation of adrenomedullin gene expression in peripheral blood leukocytes with severity of ischemic stroke.

The International journal of neuroscience·2013

Same author

Molecular signatures of mammalian hibernation: comparisons with alternative phenotypes.

BMC genomics·2013

Same author

Targeted drug delivery to intestinal macrophages by bioactive nanovesicles released from grapefruit.

Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy·2013

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 17, 2025

Microfluidic Platform with Multiplexed Electronic Detection for Spatial Tracking of Particles

Microfluidic Platform with Multiplexed Electronic Detection for Spatial Tracking of Particles

Published on: March 13, 2017

Mobile Two-Way Molecular Communication via Diffusion Using Amplify-and-Forward and Analog Network Coding.

Zhen Cheng, Jun Yan, Yuchun Tu

IEEE Transactions on Nanobioscience

|October 8, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a mobile molecular communication system using amplify-and-forward (AF) and analog network coding (ANC). Combining AF and ANC significantly enhances symbol error probability and mutual information in mobile two-way systems.

More Related Videos

DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation

DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation

Published on: December 29, 2021

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Published on: March 20, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 17, 2025

Microfluidic Platform with Multiplexed Electronic Detection for Spatial Tracking of Particles

Microfluidic Platform with Multiplexed Electronic Detection for Spatial Tracking of Particles

Published on: March 13, 2017

DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation

DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation

Published on: December 29, 2021

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Published on: March 20, 2017

Area of Science:

Molecular Communication
Wireless Networking
Nanotechnology

Background:

Mobile molecular communication via diffusion (MCvD) faces challenges due to time-varying channels.
Existing systems require efficient information exchange between mobile nanomachines.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate a mobile two-way MCvD model with two mobile sources and one mobile relay.
To enhance system performance using amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying and analog network coding (ANC).
To evaluate the effectiveness of depleted molecule shift keying (D-MoSK) modulation.

Main Methods:

Developed a mobile two-way MCvD model incorporating AF relaying and ANC.
Derived mathematical expressions for symbol error probability (SEP) and mutual information using maximum a posteriori (MAP) detection.
Employed depleted molecule shift keying (D-MoSK) modulation for performance analysis.

Main Results:

The combined AF and ANC scheme significantly improves SEP and mutual information compared to AF-No-ANC.
D-MoSK modulation demonstrates superior performance over molecule shift keying (MoSK) in this mobile system.
Evaluated the impact of key parameters on system performance.

Conclusions:

The integration of AF and ANC is crucial for enhancing mobile two-way MCvD systems.
D-MoSK modulation offers a more robust communication method for mobile MCvD.
The findings provide valuable insights for designing high-performance mobile MCvD systems.