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Hip Dislocation and Subluxation in Athletes: A Systematic Review
Deepak V Chona1, Paul D Minetos2, Christopher M LaPrade1
1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Redwood City, California, USA.
The American Journal of Sports Medicine
|October 8, 2021
Summary
Hip dislocation in athletes is rare but serious. Most athletes achieve pain-free recovery and return to play with appropriate treatment, though osteonecrosis is a risk. Early imaging is recommended.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedic Surgery
- Sports Medicine
- Athletic Training
Background:
- Hip dislocation is an uncommon yet significant injury in athletes.
- This injury carries substantial implications for an athlete's career and well-being.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review treatment strategies and outcomes for hip dislocations in athletes.
- To equip sports medicine physicians with data for optimal patient care and counseling.
Main Methods:
- A systematic review of studies on hip instability in athletes published between 1989 and 2019.
- Inclusion criteria focused on native hip dislocation/subluxation during sports in patients aged 10+.
- Data extraction included demographics, injury mechanisms, treatments, and outcomes, with pooled analysis where possible.
Main Results:
- 27 articles on 145 patients were reviewed. Morphological differences were noted in posterior dislocations.
- Protected weightbearing was common (2-6 weeks). Recurrence was low (3%).
- Arthroscopic findings included high rates of labral tears (100%), chondral injuries (92%), and ligamentum teres tears (84%). 87% returned to play, 11% showed osteonecrosis.
Conclusions:
- Diverse treatments offer promising outcomes for athletic hip dislocations.
- Nonoperative management with protected weightbearing is suitable for stable, concentric reductions.
- Operative intervention is indicated for irreducible dislocations; imaging for osteonecrosis is advised.
