Optical planar and ridge waveguides formed in Er³⁺-doped germanate glass by ion implantation and precise diamond...

In this work, we report on the preparation and characterization of the planar and ridge optical waveguides in the Er³⁺-doped germanate glass by combining hydrogen ion implantation and precise diamond blade dicing. The nuclear energy loss and the implantation depth were calculated by the SRIM 2013 software. The refractive index profile was obtained by the reflectivity calculation method. The dark-mode spectrum and the near-field intensity distribution were measured by the prism coupling system and end-face coupling technique, respectively. This work has important reference significance for the development of Er³⁺-doped germanate glass active devices in the optical communication field.