Current epidemiology in hepatocellular carcinoma

Area of Science:

• Hepatology
• Oncology
• Public Health

Background:

• Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major global cancer with high mortality.
• Viral hepatitis (B and C) has been a primary driver of HCC, particularly in Asia and Africa.
• Rising rates of obesity and metabolic syndrome are increasing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-related HCC.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review global trends, risk factors, and economic impact of HCC.
• To examine demographic disparities and healthcare inequities in HCC.
• To discuss evolving strategies for HCC prevention and management.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review of HCC epidemiology and risk factors.
• Analysis of global incidence and mortality trends.
• Examination of the economic burden and healthcare disparities associated with HCC.

Main Results:

• Viral hepatitis-related HCC incidence is declining due to antiviral treatments and vaccination.
• NAFLD-related HCC incidence is increasing, linked to rising obesity and metabolic syndrome.
• Significant global and ethnic disparities in HCC incidence and mortality persist.

Conclusions:

• Reducing HCC burden requires addressing key risk factors like viral hepatitis and NAFLD.
• Effective treatment of underlying liver disease and robust screening programs are crucial.
• Minimizing healthcare inequities for minority populations is essential for global HCC control.