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Standards of Care II

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Nurses bear specific legal responsibilities under several federal statutes, including:

Ethical Dilemmas II

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Blind Procedures

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Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which...

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Consider the following scenario, which illustrates how these principles are applied in the care of Mr. John, a fifty-year-old teacher diagnosed with metastatic liver cancer.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 17, 2025

A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting

A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting

Published on: January 12, 2018

Advance research directives: avoiding double standards.

Bert Heinrichs^1,2

¹Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine: Ethics in the Neurosciences (INM-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany. b.heinrichs@fz-juelich.de.

BMC Medical Ethics

|October 10, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Advance research directives (ARDs) can facilitate dementia research with incapacitated subjects. A revised understanding of informed consent allows ARDs with generic information disclosure under specific circumstances, avoiding a double standard.

Keywords:

Advance research directives Dementia research Informed consent Research ethics

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Last Updated: Oct 17, 2025

A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting

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Involving Individuals with Developmental Language Disorder and Their Parents/Carers in Research Priority Setting

Involving Individuals with Developmental Language Disorder and Their Parents/Carers in Research Priority Setting

Published on: June 6, 2020

Area of Science:

Bioethics
Neuroscience Research Ethics

Background:

Advance research directives (ARDs) are proposed to aid research with incapacitated individuals, especially in dementia studies.
Established consent rules requiring detailed study information conflict with the generic information typically found in ARDs, creating an ethical dilemma.
This conflict risks establishing a double standard where generic disclosure is accepted for ARDs but not for other research contexts.

Purpose of the Study:

To ethically analyze the use of ARDs with generic disclosure standards.
To propose a revised understanding of informed consent that accommodates context-sensitive disclosure.
To determine if ARDs with type disclosure are ethically permissible under certain conditions.

Main Methods:

Ethical analysis of Advance Research Directives (ARDs).
Consideration of empirical studies on ARDs and informed consent.
Examination of objections to context-sensitive disclosure standards.

Main Results:

A revised understanding of informed consent can justify context-sensitive disclosure standards.
ARDs utilizing generic (type) disclosure can be ethically acceptable in specific situations.
Objections to this approach are insufficient to warrant its rejection.

Conclusions:

The proposed ethical framework avoids creating a double standard in disclosure requirements.
This approach offers a more suitable model for implementing ARDs in research involving incapacitated subjects.
Context-sensitive disclosure standards within ARDs are ethically viable and practical.