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Comprehensive Protocol to Sample and Process Bone Marrow for Measuring Measurable Residual Disease and Leukemic Stem Cells in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
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[Infection in Children with Acute Myeloid Leukemia in the Intensive Chemotherapy Period]

Kai Lan Chen1, Hao Xiong1, Jian Xin Li1

  • 1Department of Hematology and Oncology， Wuhan Children's Hospital， Tongji Medical College， Huazhong University of Science & Technology， Wuhan 430016， Hubei Province, China.

Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi
|October 10, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) experience high infection rates during chemotherapy. Bloodstream infections, often caused by Gram-negative bacteria, are a major concern, necessitating antifungal use.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a serious hematologic malignancy in children.
  • High-intensity chemotherapy regimens are crucial for AML treatment but significantly increase infection risk.
  • Understanding infection patterns is vital for improving outcomes in pediatric AML patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the clinical characteristics of infections in pediatric AML patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy.
  • To identify common pathogens and infection sites during chemotherapy.
  • To provide data for optimizing infection prevention and control strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 56 pediatric AML patients treated between January 2016 and August 2019.
  • Evaluation of infection rates, causative pathogens, and common infection locations during induction and consolidation chemotherapy.
  • Analysis of infection-related mortality.

Main Results:

  • A high overall infection rate (93.4%-96.4%) was observed in pediatric AML patients.
  • The average rate of severe infections was 16.0%, with bloodstream infections being most common, primarily caused by Gram-negative bacteria.
  • Fungal infections occurred in 35.7% of patients, and infection-related mortality was 10.7%.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric AML patients face a substantial risk of infection throughout chemotherapy.
  • Bloodstream infections represent a significant cause of severe illness and mortality.
  • Proactive use of antifungal agents is recommended to mitigate fungal infections in this vulnerable population.
Abstract

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