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Related Concept Videos

Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions02:21

Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions

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Substances that undergo either a physical or a chemical change in solution to yield ions that can conduct electricity are called electrolytes. If a substance yields ions in solution, that is, if the compound undergoes 100% dissociation, then the substance is a strong electrolyte. Complete dissociation is indicated by a single forward arrow. For example, water-soluble ionic compounds like sodium chloride dissociate into sodium cations and chloride anions in aqueous solution.
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Theory of Metallic Conduction01:17

Theory of Metallic Conduction

1.5K
The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
In this theory, Newton's second law of motion is used to determine the acceleration of an electron in the presence of an applied electric field. Then, its velocity is expressed via this acceleration.
An electron moves through the crystal, containing positive ions,...
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Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

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Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
123.2K
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

44.3K
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
44.3K
Ionic Strength: Overview01:12

Ionic Strength: Overview

2.0K
The ionic strength of a solution is a quantitative way of expressing the total electrolyte concentration of a solution. This concept was first introduced in 1921 by two American physical chemists, Gilbert N. Lewis and Merle Randall, while describing the activity coefficient of strong electrolytes. During the calculation of ionic strength (I or μ), all the cations and anions are considered. However, the concentration (c) of an ion with a greater charge number (z) has a greater contribution...
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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Understanding fast-ion conduction in solid electrolytes.

Benjamin J Morgan1,2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|October 11, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding fast-ion conduction in solid electrolytes is key. This research explores atomic-scale physics, experimental NMR studies, and computational methods to explain high ionic conductivity in materials.

Keywords:
diffusionfast-ion conductionsolid electrolytessolid-state ionicssuperionic conductivity

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Area of Science:

  • Solid-state chemistry and physics
  • Materials science
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • High ionic conductivity in solids has been observed since the 19th century, but the underlying atomic-scale physics is not fully understood.
  • Fast-ion conduction is crucial for technologies like solid-state batteries and fuel cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To consolidate current understanding and research on the mechanisms of fast-ion conduction in solid electrolytes.
  • To explore both experimental and computational approaches to unraveling ion transport phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to study ion dynamics.
  • Computational modeling to investigate ion diffusion and "frustration" in various materials.
  • Analysis of specific fast-ion conducting materials, including oxide, lithium-ion, and fluoride conductors.

Main Results:

  • Experimental NMR studies highlight the roles of ion-ion interactions, crystallographic disorder, and interfacial diffusion.
  • Computational studies reveal how "frustration" influences ion transport in halides, oxides, sulfides, and hydroborates.
  • Detailed analyses of specific materials provide insights into microscopic ion diffusion factors.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of fast-ion conduction requires integrating experimental and computational findings.
  • Factors such as "frustration", disorder, and dimensionality significantly impact ionic conductivity.
  • Continued research is essential to optimize solid electrolytes for advanced applications.