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Football Match Dynamics Explored by Recurrence Analysis.

Martin Lames1, Sebastian Hermann2, René Prüßner3

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Summary

Recurrence analysis, a method for complex systems, was applied to football (soccer) matches. This technique revealed correlations between game dynamics and performance indicators like goals and passes.

Keywords:
complex systemsfootball (soccer)performance indicators (PIs)recurrence analysisrecurrence parameters

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Complex Systems Analysis
  • Performance Analytics

Background:

  • Football matches are dynamic interaction processes with emergent behaviors.
  • Traditional performance analysis (PA) methods struggle to capture these complex dynamics.
  • Recurrence analysis is a technique for studying complex systems by examining state recurrence in phase space.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To apply recurrence analysis to football matches for a deeper understanding of game dynamics.
  • To investigate the relationship between recurrence parameters and traditional performance indicators.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized positional data (x,y-positions) of field players from 21 German Bundesliga matches.
  • Constructed phase space using player positions at one-second intervals.
  • Calculated inter-player distances and generated recurrence plots (RPs) with specific thresholds (rt=9m, lmin=3s).
  • Defined and calculated football-specific recurrence parameters for open play analysis.

Main Results:

  • Recurrence plots revealed common patterns (set plays, continuous gameplay) and unique match structures.
  • Calculated recurrence parameters showed significant correlations with traditional performance indicators.
  • A notable negative correlation (r=-0.622, p=0.003) was found between the number of goals and recurrence rate.

Conclusions:

  • Recurrence analysis offers a novel approach to characterizing football match dynamics.
  • The method has potential to enhance both practical and theoretical aspects of football performance analysis.
  • Further research with larger samples and varied designs can expand the utility of recurrence analysis in sports.