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Regulatory T Cells in Chronic Heart Failure
Yuzhi Lu1,2, Ni Xia1,2, Xiang Cheng1,2
1Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Frontiers in Immunology
|October 11, 2021
Summary
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) initially aid heart repair but promote fibrosis in chronic heart failure. Understanding Treg function is key for developing novel immunotherapies for heart failure patients.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Research
- Immunology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Heart failure presents a significant global health challenge, characterized by high hospitalization and mortality rates.
- Inflammation and immune dysfunction are recognized as critical contributors to heart failure pathophysiology.
- Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are increasingly recognized for their dual role in cardiac injury and disease progression.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the multifaceted functions of Tregs in the context of chronic heart failure development.
- To elucidate the interactions between Tregs and various immune and parenchymal cells in the failing heart.
- To evaluate prospective Treg-based therapeutic strategies for chronic heart failure.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on Treg function in heart failure.
- Analysis of Treg phenotypes and functional alterations in chronic heart failure.
- Exploration of Treg interactions with immune cells (monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, B cells) and parenchymal cells (cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells).
Main Results:
- Tregs exhibit beneficial roles in early cardiac injury by suppressing inflammation and promoting scar formation.
- In chronic heart failure, Tregs undergo phenotypic and functional changes, adopting antiangiogenic and profibrotic characteristics.
- Tregs interact with a diverse range of immune and cardiac cells, influencing disease progression.
Conclusions:
- Treg function is context-dependent, shifting from protective to detrimental in chronic heart failure.
- Targeting Treg-cell interactions presents a promising avenue for novel heart failure immunotherapies.
- Advanced technologies like next-generation sequencing and gene editing may facilitate Treg-based therapeutic development for heart failure.
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