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Related Concept Videos

Proteomics01:33

Proteomics

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A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Tandem mass spectrometry, also known as MS/MS or MS2, is an analytical technique that employs two mass analyzers. Essentially it is a series of mass spectrometers that helps isolate a particular biomolecule and then helps study its chemical properties.
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MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry01:19

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Mass spectrometry is a powerful characterization technique that can identify and separate a wide variety of compounds ranging from chemical to biological entities, based on their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The instruments that allow this detection, known as mass spectrometers, have three components: an ion source, a mass analyzer, and a detector. These spectrometers differ based on the nature of their ion source and analyzers.
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Applications Of NMR In Biology01:25

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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a very valuable analytical technique for researchers. It has been used for more than 50 years as an analytical tool. F. Bloch and E. Purcell formulated NMR in 1946 and won the 1952 Nobel Prize in Physics  for their work. Biological macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and organic molecules including pharmaceutical compounds, can be studied using this versatile tool that exploits the magnetic properties of certain nuclei.
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Role of Proteins in the Human Body01:28

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Proteins are the building block of life. They are also  the most abundant macromolecules with as many diverse roles in the body. They are part of many structural components that provide unique shapes and structures to animal cells, tissues, and organs. In addition, they also act as biological catalysts and carry out several anabolic and catabolic reactions. Notably, some proteins are chemical messengers and regulate many critical processes, such as metabolism, growth, and development. They...
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Proteomics: Concepts and applications in human medicine.

Safa Al-Amrani1, Zaaima Al-Jabri1, Adhari Al-Zaabi2

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman.

World Journal of Biological Chemistry
|October 11, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Proteomics analyzes protein function and structure. Combining proteomics with genomics and bioinformatics aids disease research, despite challenges in biomarker discovery and limited blood protein analysis.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Proteomics offers a comprehensive understanding of protein function and structure within biological systems.
  • Mass spectrometry is a key technology for cellular protein profiling.
  • Biomarker discovery in proteomics faces significant challenges due to protein complexity and dynamism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review different types of proteomics.
  • To discuss available proteomic techniques.
  • To highlight the applications of proteomics in various research fields.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of proteomics types, techniques, and applications.
  • Analysis of mass spectrometry's role in protein profiling.
  • Discussion on integrating proteomics with genomics and bioinformatics.

Main Results:

  • Proteomics, genomics, and bioinformatics integration can enhance understanding of biological systems and disease alterations.
  • Current research often examines only a fraction of blood proteins.
  • Various proteomic techniques exist with diverse applications.

Conclusions:

  • Integrating multi-omics approaches is crucial for a holistic understanding of biological systems.
  • Further research is needed to overcome challenges in comprehensive blood proteome analysis.
  • Proteomics holds significant potential across diverse scientific disciplines.