Movement Disorders Associated with Hypogonadism.

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Endocrinology

Background:

• Hypogonadism, a condition of reduced sex hormone production, can manifest with diverse neurological symptoms.
• The association between hypogonadism and movement disorders is often overlooked, potentially delaying diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and identify common movement disorders associated with hypogonadism.
• To enhance clinical awareness of this specific patient population.

Main Methods:

• A comprehensive literature search was performed.
• Inclusion criteria were limited to Case Reports and Case Series articles.

Main Results:

• Ataxia was the most frequent movement disorder linked to hypogonadism, seen in syndromes like Gordon-Holmes, Marinesco-Sjögren, and Perrault.
• Tremor was commonly associated with aneuploidies, including Klinefelter and Jacob's syndromes.
• Dystonia and parkinsonism were noted in rare conditions with hypo- or hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, such as mitochondrial disorders and Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome.

Conclusions:

• Hypogonadism is more frequently associated with movement disorders than previously recognized.
• Clinicians should consider hypogonadism in patients presenting with movement disorders and evaluate for associated symptoms to ensure accurate diagnosis.